Im Zeitalter der evidenzbasierten Medizin (EbM), die es sich zur Aufgabe gestellt hat, alle Diagnose und Therapie bezogenen Aussagen und Empfehlungen primär auf die Resultate methodisch möglichst hochkarätiger Untersuchungen und deren nach bestimmten Methoden durchgeführten Zusammenfassungen zu stützen, ist „Evidenz" zu einem zentralen Begriff geworden. Evidenz im Sinne der EbM ist das Ergebnis einer kritischen und systematischen Gesamtbewertung („critical appraisal") von (publizierten) Resultaten wissenschaftlicher Studien. Evidenz und Evidenzgrade sind im Rahmen der EbM zum Zauberwort geworden, mit dem in der Diskussion über Diagnose oder Therapieverfahren alles belegt oder widerlegt wird. Die Frage ist, ob dieser Allmachtsanspruch berechtigt ist.
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