Positive effects on soil and climate can ensue when an organic farmer stops working with a plough. A FiBL trial gained these insights in clayey soils in Frick, Switzerland. Over the course of 13 years, about 8 % more humus formed in the soils tilled with a cultivator and skim plough compared to soil cultivation with a plough. In other words, reduced tillage sequestrates 2.3 tonnes of CO2 equivalents per ha more in a year than cultivation with a plough.
Farmland resembles a natural meadow
A plough mixes humus about 20 cm deep into the topsoil. In a reduced tillage system, however, more humus builds up in the topmost 10 cm. Below that threshold, the humus content remains stable or decreases. Thus, the distribution of humus in a reduced tillage system is closer to a meadow than a field. This can prevent soil erosion and increase the presence and variety of microorganisms like bacteria and fungi.
Greenhouse gases: Timing is more important than type of soil cultivation
Neither one of the examined crops grass-clover and winter wheat showed a difference in nitrous oxide emitted from the two systems. Methane emissions are at the same low level. However, the weather conditions have a huge influence. Tilling wet soils, whether performed with a plough or a cultivator, is not only ill advised for reasons of soil protection, but also due to the high nitrous oxide emissions.
Information on reduced tillage
Krauss, M., Ruser, R., Müller, T., Hansen, S., Mäder, P., Gattinger, A. (2017): Impact of reduced tillage on greenhouse gas emissions and soil carbon stocks in an organic grass-clover ley - winter wheat cropping sequence. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 239, 324-333. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2017.01.029
Farmland resembles a natural meadow
A plough mixes humus about 20 cm deep into the topsoil. In a reduced tillage system, however, more humus builds up in the topmost 10 cm. Below that threshold, the humus content remains stable or decreases. Thus, the distribution of humus in a reduced tillage system is closer to a meadow than a field. This can prevent soil erosion and increase the presence and variety of microorganisms like bacteria and fungi.
Greenhouse gases: Timing is more important than type of soil cultivation
Neither one of the examined crops grass-clover and winter wheat showed a difference in nitrous oxide emitted from the two systems. Methane emissions are at the same low level. However, the weather conditions have a huge influence. Tilling wet soils, whether performed with a plough or a cultivator, is not only ill advised for reasons of soil protection, but also due to the high nitrous oxide emissions.
Information on reduced tillage
- For farmers: http://www.bioaktuell.ch/pflanzenbau/ackerbau/bodenbearbeitung.html
- For researchers: http://www.fibl.org/de/themen/reduzierte-bodenbearbeitung.html
Krauss, M., Ruser, R., Müller, T., Hansen, S., Mäder, P., Gattinger, A. (2017): Impact of reduced tillage on greenhouse gas emissions and soil carbon stocks in an organic grass-clover ley - winter wheat cropping sequence. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 239, 324-333. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2017.01.029
- Available at: http://orgprints.org/31286/
- Available at: http://orgprints.org/31140/
- Available at: http://agrarforschungschweiz.ch/artikel/2017_06_2285.pdf
- Coop Sustainability Fund
- Federal Office for Agriculture (FOAG) within the framework of a CORE Organic II project
- Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) within the framework of NRP 68
- Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN)
